References for How Veganism Can Save Us
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Chapter one
The truth we’re waking up to
Less meat: if the New York City council is leading the way. [Internet]. Rome: LAV; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.lav.it/en/ny-less-meat
Blum J. Mike Pence says he’ll keep Kamala Harris from meddling with America’s meat. [Internet]. New York: Huff Post; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/mike-pence-kamala-harris-meat_n_5f3614dbc5b69fa9e2f938fc?utm_hp_ref=au-us-politics
Tackling the world’s most urgent problem: meat. [Internet]. Rome: United Nations Environment Program; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/tackling-worlds-most-urgent-problem-meat
Schiermeier Q. Eat less meat: UN climate-change report calls for change to human diet. Nature. August 2019; https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02409-7
The rundown on biodiversity
UN report: nature’s dangerous decline ‘unprecedented’; species extinction rates ‘accelerating’. [Internet]. Rome: United Nations; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
Vaughan A. Humans creating sixth greatest extinction of animal species, says scientists. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2015 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/19/humans-creating-sixth-great-extinction-of-animal-species-say-scientists
Carrington D. Humanity has wiped out 60% of animal populations since 1970, report finds. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/30/humanity-wiped-out-animals-since-1970-major-report-finds
Bar-On Y, Phillips R, Milo R. The biomass distribution on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. May 2018; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711842115
Carrington D. Humans just 0.01% of all life but have destroyed 83% of wild mammals - study. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/21/human-race-just-001-of-all-life-but-has-destroyed-over-80-of-wild-mammals-study
Species categorized as extinct. [Internet]. Gland (CH): IUCN Red List; c2020 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?redListCategory=ex
Ceballos G, Ehrlich P, Dirzo R. Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and decline. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. July 2017; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704949114
Biodiversity loss and the animal industrial complex
Carrington D. Humans just 0.01% of all life but have destroyed 83% of wild mammals - study. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/21/human-race-just-001-of-all-life-but-has-destroyed-over-80-of-wild-mammals-study
Ritchie H, Roser M. Land use. [Internet]. Oxford: Our World in Data; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/land-use#citation
Cattle ranching in the Amazon Region. [Internet]. Connecticut: Yale School of Environment, Global Forest Atlas; c2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://globalforestatlas.yale.edu/amazon/land-use/cattle-ranching
Soy agriculture in the Amazon Basin. [Internet]. Connecticut: Yale School of Environment, Global Forest Atlas; c2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://globalforestatlas.yale.edu/amazon/land-use/soy
EXPLAINER: What’s unnatural about sheep grazing meadows?
Weaver D, Summers R. Soil factors influencing eutrophication. In soilguide. A handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils. [Internet]. Perth (AU): Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia; 2001 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060&context=bulletins
Phosphorus and freshwater eutrophication pressure narrative. [Internet]. Bristol: Environment Agency; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://consult.environment-agency.gov.uk/environment-and-business/challenges-and-choices/user_uploads/phosphorus-pressure-rbmp-2021.pdf
Zielinski S. Ocean dead zones are getting worse globally due to climate change. [Internet]. Washington: Smithsonian Magazine; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ocean-dead-zones-are-getting-worse-globally-due-climate-change-180953282/
Carrington D. Why you should go animal-free: 18 arguments for eating meat debunked. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jun/19/why-you-should-go-animal-free-arguments-in-favour-of-meat-eating-debunked-plant-based
Conservation & restoration. [Internet]. Patagonia: Parque Patagonia via Web Archive; c2014 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20181127000134/http://www.patagoniapark.org/conservation_and_restoration.htm
Schmitz R. How your cashmere sweater is decimating Mongolia’s grasslands. [Internet]. Missouri: NPR; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.kcur.org/2016-12-09/how-your-cashmere-sweater-is-decimating-mongolias-grasslands#stream/0
Carrington D. Climate crisis ‘unequivocally’ caused by human activities, says IPCC report. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/09/climate-crisis-unequivocally-caused-by-human-activities-says-ipcc-report
Figueres C, Rivett-Carnac T. ‘The only uncertainty is how long we last’: a worst case scenario for the climate in 2050. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from:https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/15/worst-case-scenario-2050-climate-crisis-future-we-choose-christiana-figueres-tom-rivett-carnac
Lyons K. IPCC report shows ‘possible loss of entire countries within the century’. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/10/ipcc-report-shows-possible-loss-of-entire-countries-within-the-century
Greenhouse gas emissions
Weisse M, Goldman E. We lost a football pitch of primary rainforest every 6 seconds in 2019. [Internet]. Washington: World Resources Institute; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.wri.org/blog/2020/06/global-tree-cover-loss-data-2019
Land use in Australia - at a glance. [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/abares/aclump/documents/Land%20use%20in%20Australia%20at%20a%20glance%202016.pdf
Feeding the problem: the dangerous intensification of animal farming in Europe. [Internet]. Amsterdam: Greenpeace; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/issues/nature-food/1803/feeding-problem-dangerous-intensification-animal-farming/
De Ruiter H, Macdiarmid J, Matthews R, Kastner T, Lynd L, Smith P. Total global agricultural land footprint associated with UK food supply 1986-2011. Global Environmental Change. March 2017; 43: 72-81.
Merrill D, Leatherby L. Here’s how America uses its land. [Internet]. New York: Bloomberg; 2018 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2018-us-land-use/
The Paris Agreement. [Internet]. Rome: United Nations Climate Change; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
Harvey F. World’s richest 1% cause double CO2 emissions of poorest 50%, says Oxfam. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/21/worlds-richest-1-cause-double-co2-emissions-of-poorest-50-says-oxfam
Livestock’s long shadow: environmental issues and options. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; 2006 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0701e.pdf
Hickman L. Do critics of UN meat report have a beef with transparency? [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2010 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2010/mar/24/un-meat-report-climate-change
Enteric fermentation
Methane: a crucial opportunity in the climate fight. [Internet]. New York: Environmental Defense Fund; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.edf.org/climate/methane-crucial-opportunity-climate-fight
Sudmeyer R. Reducing livestock greenhouse gas emissions. [Internet]. Perth: Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/climate-change/reducing-livestock-greenhouse-gas-emissions
Mangino J. Development of an emissions model to estimate methane from enteric fermentation in cattle. [Internet]. Washington: US Environmental Protection Agency; 2003 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei12/green/mangino.pdf
Wray A. Agricultural statistics and climate change, 6th edition. [Internet]. London: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; 2015 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/666075/agriclimate-6edition-8dec17.pdf
Francis W. Enteric methane research: a summary of current knowledge and research. [Internet]. Sydney: Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://silo.tips/download/enteric-methane-research-a-summary-of-current-knowledge-and-research
Why regenerative agriculture isn’t as great as it seems
Garnett T, Godde C, Muller A, Röös E, Smith P, de Boer I, et al. Grazed and confused. [Internet]. Oxford: Environmental Change Institute, Food Climate Research Network, University of Oxford; 2017 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.fcrn.org.uk/sites/default/files/project-files/fcrn_gnc_report.pdf
The inefficiency of animal agriculture
Earth Overshoot Day 2021. [Internet]. Oakland: Global Footprint Network; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.overshootday.org/
Poore J, Nemecek T. Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science. 2018; 360 (6392): 987-992.
Foley J. Where will we find enough food for 9 billion?. [Internet]. Washington: National Geographic; 2015 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/feeding-9-billion/
Rewilding
Harwatt H, Hayek M. Eating away at climate change with negative emissions: repurposing UK agricultural land to meet climate goals. [Internet]. Massachusetts; Animal Law & Policy Program, Harvard Law School; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://animal.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/Eating-Away-at-Climate-Change-with-Negative-Emissions––Harwatt-Hayek.pdf
Hayek M, Harwatt H, Ripple W, Mueller N. The carbon opportunity cost of animal-soured food production on land. Nature Sustainability. September 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00603-4
Carrington D. $1m a minute: the farming subsidies destroying the world - report. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/16/1m-a-minute-the-farming-subsidies-destroying-the-world
Springmann M, Godfray C, Rayner M, Scarborough P, Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change. PNAS. 2016; 113 (15): 4146-4151.
EXPLAINER: The impact of fishing
Mood A. Worse things happen at sea: the welfare of wild-caught fish. [Internet]. Fish Count UK; 2010 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fishcount.org.uk/published/standard/fishcountfullrptSR.pdf
Novogratz A, Velings M. The end of fish. [Internet]. Washington: The Washington Post; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/06/03/the-end-of-fish/
Kituyi M. 90% of fish stocks are used up - fisheries subsidies must stop. [Internet]. Rome: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://unctad.org/news/90-fish-stocks-are-used-fisheries-subsidies-must-stop
General situation of world fish stocks. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/newsroom/common/ecg/1000505/en/stocks.pdf
Roberson L, Watson A, Klein C. Over 90 endangered fish and invertebrates are caught in industrial fisheries. Nature Communications. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18505-6
Hall J. That fish on your dinner plate may be an endangered species. [Internet]. Washington: National Geographic; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/wildlife-seafood-fraud-mislabeling-endangered-species
Tuna: red list of threatened species. [Internet]. Gland (CH): IUCN Red List; c2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=tuna&searchType=species
Lindsay G. Bluefinger: the race to freeze or breed bluefin tuna before extinction. [Internet]. New York: Fast Company; 2011 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.fastcompany.com/1772179/bluefinger-race-freeze-or-breed-bluefin-tuna-extinction
Paris F. Threatened bluefin tuna sells for $3 million in Tokyo market. [Internet]. Washington: NPR; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.npr.org/2019/01/05/682526465/threatened-bluefin-tuna-sells-for-5-000-per-pound-in-tokyo-market
Pearl M. This is exactly what will happen after the last fish in the ocean dies. [Internet]. Montreal: Vice; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.vice.com/en/article/qvg3zm/this-is-exactly-what-will-happen-after-the-last-fish-in-the-ocean-dies
How much oxygen comes from the ocean? [Internet]. Ocean Service NOAA; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ocean-oxygen.html
What fishing really looks like
Fishing techniques: squid trawling. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/fishtech/1106/en
Trawling. [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Fisheries Management Authority; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.afma.gov.au/fisheries-management/methods-and-gear/trawling
Fishing gear: purse seines. [Internet]. Maryland: NOAA Fisheries; [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/bycatch/fishing-gear-purse-seines
The tuna fishing vessels of the world. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/y4499e/y4499e07.htm
Skipjack tuna. [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Fisheries Management Authority; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.afma.gov.au/fisheries-management/species/skipjack-tuna
Yellowfin tuna. [Internet]. Sydney: Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/fishing/fish-species/species-list/yellowfin-tuna
Small scale tuna longlining. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/fishtech/10/en
Robertson G. Can albatrosses and longline fisheries co-exist?. [Internet]. Antarctica: Australian Antarctic Program; 2001 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.antarctica.gov.au/magazine/issue-1-autumn-2001/science/can-albatrosses-and-longline-fisheries-co-exist/
Fishing gear: pelagic longlines. [Internet]. Maryland: NOAA Fisheries; [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/bycatch/fishing-gear-pelagic-longlines
Gillnets. [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Fisheries Management Authority; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.afma.gov.au/fisheries-management/methods-and-gear/gillnets
By-catch – a sad topic. [Internet]. Gland (CH): World Wildlife Fund; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.fishforward.eu/en/project/by-catch/
Keledjian A, Brogan G, Lowell B, Warrenchuk J, Enticknap B, Shester G et al. Wasted catch. [Internet]. Washington: Oceana; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://oceana.org/sites/default/files/Bycatch_Report_FINAL.pdf
Warne K. The amazing albatrosses. [Internet]. Washington: Smithsonian Magazine; 2007 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-amazing-albatrosses-162515529/
EXPLAINER: Farmed fish
RSPCA approved farming scheme standard: farmed atlantic salmon. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): RSPCA; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://rspcaapproved.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05_FARMEDATLANTICSALMON_Standard.pdf
How are salmon farmed in Australia?. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): RSPCA; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/how-are-salmon-farmed-in-australia/
White C. Huon Aquaculture confirms escape of 120,000 Atlantic salmon from ‘fortress pen’. [Internet]. Portland: Seafood Source; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquaculture/huon-aquaculture-confirms-escape-of-120-000-atlantic-salmon
Fishing for catastrophe. [Internet]. London: Changing Markets; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://changingmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CM-WEB-FINAL-FISHING-FOR-CATASTROPHE-2019.pdf
Fish in: fish out (FIFO) ratios for the conversion of wild feed to farmed fish, including salmon. London: IFFO - The Marine Ingredients Organisation; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.iffo.com/fish-fish-out-fifo-ratios-conversion-wild-feed
Adams L. Is there a problem with salmon farming? [Internet]. Glasgow: BBC News; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-48266480
Edwards R. Horror photos of farmed salmon spark legal threat. [Internet]. Edinburgh: The Ferret; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://theferret.scot/pictures-diseases-farmed-fish/
Peeler E, Murray A. Disease interaction between farmed and wild fish populations. Journal of Fish Biology. 2004; 65 (s1): 1-337.
Yong E. Farmed salmon decimate wild populations by exposing them to parasites. [Internet]. Washington: National Geographic; 2008 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2008/08/02/farmed-salmon-decimate-wild-populations-by-exposing-them-to-parasites/
Chapter two
The future of food
Ritchie H. You want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local. [Internet]. Oxford: Our World in Data; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local
BIG EXPLAINER: Why we need to talk about animal-free fashion
Planet. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Collective Fashion Justice; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/planet
Hakansson E. Is leather a by-product of the meat industry?. [Internet]. Sydney: Good On You; 2020 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://goodonyou.eco/is-leather-a-by-product-of-the-meat-industry/
Leather. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Collective Fashion Justice; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/leather
Hakansson E, Katcher J. The carbon cost of our leather, calculated. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Collective Fashion Justices; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/articles/carbon-cost-leather-goods
Hakansson E. Calculating the water footprint of cow skin leather goods. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): CIRCUMFAUNA; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://circumfauna.org/leather-water-footprint
Hakansson E. Wool v cotton land use. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): CIRCUMFAUNA; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://circumfauna.org/wool-v-cotton-land-use
EXPLAINER: Agricultural subsidies
Financial report. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Meat and Livestock Australia; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/about-mla/documents/ar-2018-19/financial-report-mla-annual-report-2018-19.pdf
Orden D, Zulauf C. Political economy of the 2014 Farm Bill. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2015; 97 (5): 1298-1311.
Levitt T. Nearly a fifth of the EU’s budget goes on livestock farming, says Greenpeace. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/12/nearly-a-fifth-of-eu-budget-goes-on-livestock-farming-greenpeace
Your key to European statistics. [Internet]. Luxembourg City (LU): Eurostat Statistics Explained; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
Show me the money: following the money trail of animal agriculture. [Internet]. [Toronto]: Vegan Society of Canada; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.vegancanada.org/news/article/2020/01/04/animal-agriculture-money-trail.html
Grass-roots movements for plant-based change
Robson D. The ‘3.5% rule’ how a small minority can change the world. [Internet]. London: BBC News; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190513-it-only-takes-35-of-people-to-change-the-world
Chapter three
Protecting the environment protects people
Su Y. UN ruling could be a game-changer for climate refugees and climate action. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): The Conversation; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://theconversation.com/un-ruling-could-be-a-game-changer-for-climate-refugees-and-climate-action-130532
Rigaud K, de Sherbinin A, Bergmann J, Clement V, Ober K, Schewe J, et al. Groundswell: preparing for internal climate mitigation. [Internet]. Washington: World Bank; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461
EXPLAINER: Environmental racism
Mansoor S. Environmental injustice is another form of ‘assault on Black bodies,’ says Sen. Cory Booker. [Internet]. New York: Time; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://time.com/5863757/cory-booker-environmental-injustice-race/
Yeoman B. ‘It smells like a decomposing body’: North Carolina polluting pig farms. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/27/it-smells-like-a-decomposing-body-north-carolinas-polluting-pig-farms
Mock B. North Carolina’s environmental history is littered with racial injustice. [Internet]. Santa Barbara (US): Pacific Standard; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://psmag.com/social-justice/environmental-racism-in-north-carolina
Hedberg Y, Lidén C, Wallinder I. Chromium released from leather - I: exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium (III) and chromium (VI). Contact Dermatitis. 2015; 72 (4): 206–215.
Junaid M, Hashmi M, Tang Y, Malik R, Pei D. Potential health risk of heavy metals in the leather manufacturing industries in Sialkot, Pakistan. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7, 8848.
Rastogi S, Pandey A, Tripathi S. Occupational health risks among the workers employed in leather tanneries in Kanpur. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2008; 12: 132-135.
Rastogi S, Kesavachandran C, Mahdi F, Pandey A. Occupational cancers in leather tanning industries: a short review. Indian Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2007; 11 (1): 3-5.
Gallagher S. India: the toxic price of leather. [Internet]. Washington: The Pulitzer Center; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/india-toxic-price-leather-0
Richards M, Gabrielle R, Wickham S. Future fashion white papers. [Internet]. California: Organic Leather; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://silo.tips/download/future-fashion-white-papers-by-earth-pledge-foundation-edited-by-leslie-hoffman
Statistics & sources of information. [Internet]. Northampton (UK): Leather Council; c2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://leathercouncil.org/information/statistics-sources-of-information/
Leather: time for business unusual. [Internet]. Hong Kong: China Water Risk; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.chinawaterrisk.org/resources/analysis-reviews/leather-time-for-business-unusual/
Indigenous land rights, sovereignty and animal agriculture
Hawk H. The Waiapi tribe: the protects of the Amazon rainforest. [Internet]. Massachusetts: Harvard International Review; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://hir.harvard.edu/the-waiapi-tribe-the-protectors-of-the-amazon-rainforest/
Ditty S. Out of Sight. [Internet]. London: Fashion Revolution; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.fashionrevolution.org/transparency-beyond-tier-one/
Pascoe B. Dark Emu. Broome (AU): Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation; 2014.
Slaughterhouse work is largely done by vulnerable people
Meat industry workforce. [Internet]. London: British Meat Processors Association; [cited 2021]. Available from: https://britishmeatindustry.org/industry/workforce/
Philpott T. Refugees make your dinner. Literally. [Internet]. San Francisco: Mother Jones; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2017/01/meat-industry-refugees-trump/
Profile of the Australian meat industry. [Internet]. Australian Government: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20200330055629/https://docs.employment.gov.au/system/files/doc/other/profile_of_the_australian_meat_industry.pdf
Critical shortage of labour in Canada’s largest food processing industry. [Internet]. Ottawa (CA): Canadian Meat Council; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20160127182930/http:/www.cmc-cvc.com/sites/default/files/news-releases/Critical%20Shortage%20of%20Labour.pdf
Slaughterhouse work and the physical risks
Milmo C, Heal A, Wasley A. Revealed: heavy toll of injury suffered by slaughter workers in Britain’s £8bn meat industry. [Internet]. London: i News; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/revealed-heavy-toll-of-injury-and-amputations-suffered-by-slaughter-workers-serving-britains-8bn-meat-industry-180819
Newkey-Burden C. There’s a Christmas crisis going on: no one wants to kill your dinner. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/19/christmas-crisis-kill-dinner-work-abattoir-industry-psychological-physical-damage
Meatpacking’s human toll. [Internet]. New York: Human Rights Watch; 2005 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/news/2005/08/02/meatpackings-human-toll
Wasley A. Two amputations a week: the cost of working in a US meat plant. [Internet]. London: The Guardian; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/05/amputations-serious-injuries-us-meat-industry-plant
Cook I. How fast is too fast? OSHA’s regulation of the meat industry’s line speed and the price paid by humans and animals. Sustainable Development Law & Policy. Fall 2017; 18 (1).
New investigation highlights dangers of high-speed slaughter. [Internet]. New York: ASPCA; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.aspca.org/news/new-investigation-highlights-dangers-high-speed-slaughter
Indicators of the effectiveness of stunning. [Internet]. Herfordshire: Humane Slaughter Association; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.hsa.org.uk/indicators-of-the-effectiveness-of-stunning/indicators-of-the-effectiveness-of-stunning
Slaughterhouse workers. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Collective Fashion Justice; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/slaughterhouse-workers
Marshall S. Treating workers like meat: what we’ve learnt from COVID-19 outbreaks in abattoirs. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): The Conversation; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://theconversation.com/treating-workers-like-meat-what-weve-learnt-from-covid-19-outbreaks-in-abattoirs-145444
The poor treatment of slaughterhouse workers
Chuck E. Poultry workers, denied bathroom breaks, wear diapers: Oxfam report. New York: NBC News; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/poultry-workers-denied-bathroom-breaks-wear-diapers-oxfam-report-n572806
Marshall A. Union investigates raw deal for refugees at abattoir. [Internet]. Rockhampton (AU): The Morning Bulletin; 2012 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.themorningbulletin.com.au/news/treatment-of-refugees-stirs-union/1643898/
Adams L. Tyson Food managers bet on workers getting COVID-19, lawsuit says [Internet]. Glasgow: BBC News; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55009228
The mental implications of slaughterhouse work
Lebwohl M. A call to action: psychological harm in slaughterhouse workers. [Internet]. [Connecticut]: Yale Global Health Review; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://yaleglobalhealthreview.com/2016/01/25/a-call-to-action-psychological-harm-in-slaughterhouse-workers/
Nagesh A. Confessions of a slaughterhouse worker. [Internet]. London: BBC News; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-50986683
The impact of slaughtering on human communities
Lebwohl M. A call to action: psychological harm in slaughterhouse workers. [Internet]. [Connecticut]: Yale Global Health Review; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://yaleglobalhealthreview.com/2016/01/25/a-call-to-action-psychological-harm-in-slaughterhouse-workers/
Farming animals, the mental impact
Alex Lockwood. 73 Cows. 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://vimeo.com/293352305
Capps A. ‘It was soul destroying’ - UK beef and dairy farmer goes vegan, grows vegetables instead. Chicago: Free From Harm; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://freefromharm.org/animal-farmer-turned-vegan/jay-wilde/
Jay Wilde, a story of human and animal liberation. [Internet]. London: Sarx: For All God’s Creatures; [cited 2021]. Available from: https://sarx.org.uk/articles/art-and-film/jay-wilde/
How the far-right became obsessed with soy
Raven S. On traditional masculinity and the bizarre hullabaloo about a man in a dress. [Internet]. New York: Vogue; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.vogue.com/article/men-in-dresses-traditional-masculinity
Henderson A. [Internet]. San Francisco: Salon; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.salon.com/2018/11/14/the-soy-boy-conspiracy-theory-alt-right-thinks-left-wing-has-it-out-for-them-with-soybeans_partner/
Contemptor. Seb Gorka warns CPAC that Democracts ‘want to takw away your hamburgers’: Stalin dreamed about this!. 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm62gg8A1VU
Blum J. Mike Pence says he’ll keep Kamala Harris from meddling with America’s meat. [Internet]. New York: Huff Post; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/mike-pence-kamala-harris-meat_n_5f3614dbc5b69fa9e2f938fc?utm_hp_ref=au-us-politics
Today, 820 million people do not have enough food to eat. Each year, we feed over 70 billion farmed animals on land
World hunger is still not going down after three years and obesity is still growing - UN report. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/15-07-2019-world-hunger-is-still-not-going-down-after-three-years-and-obesity-is-still-growing-un-report
Food and agricultural data. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
EXPLAINER: class issues and animal consumption
Howell B. “Rabbit food”: the romantic roots of vegetarianism. [Internet]. Exter (UK): Devon & Exeter Institution; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://devonandexeterinstitution.org/rabbit-food-the-romantic-roots-of-vegetarianism/
Perkins D. Romanticism and animal rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.
BIG EXPLAINER: Evolution and meat
Barras C. Ancient leftovers show the real Paleo diet was a veggie feast. [Internet]. London: New Scientist; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2115127-ancient-leftovers-show-the-real-paleo-diet-was-a-veggie-feast/
Harari YN. Sapiens, a brief history of humankind. London: Random House UK; 2015.
EXPLAINER: Cancer and animal foods
Cancer: carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat
Known and probable human carcinogens. [Internet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/general-info/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens.html
Pancreatic cancer prognosis. [Internet]. Baltimore: John Hopkins University; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/pancreatic-cancer/pancreatic-cancer-prognosis
Colorectal cancer: statistics. [Internet]. Virginia: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/colorectal-cancer/statistics
Prostate cancer: statistics. [Internet]. Virginia: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/prostate-cancer/statistics
Catsburg C, Kim R, Kirsh V, Soskolne C, Kreiger N, et al. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: a study in 2 cohorts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2015; https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.097659
Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen S, Knutsen R, Jacobsen B, Fan J, Lawrence Beeson W, et al. Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2016; https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.106450
Nguyen J, Major J, Knott C, Freeman K, Downs T, Saxe G. Adoption of a plant-based diet by patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Integrative cancer therapies. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735406292053
Other health issues associated with consuming land-dwelling animals, fish, dairy and eggs
Gupta M. Diet and disease. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Kindness Project; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.kindnessproject.org.au/issues/health/diet-and-disease/
Linda. Mercury. [Internet]. Maryland: Nutrition Facts; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://nutritionfacts.org/topics/mercury/
Gerstenberge S, Martinson A, Kramer J. An evaluation of mercury concentrations in three brands of canned tuna. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.32
Greger M. Which brand of tuna has the most mercury?. [Internet]. Maryland: Nutrition Facts; 2012 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://nutritionfacts.org/video/which-brand-of-tuna-has-the-most-mercury/
‘Turn the tide on plastic’ urges UN, as microplastics in the seas now outnumber stars in out galaxy. [Internet]. Rome: United, UN News; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/tackling-worlds-most-urgent-problem-meat
Simke A. There is plastic in your fish. [Internet]. New Jersey: Forbes; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ariellasimke/2020/01/21/there-is-plastic-in-your-fish/?sh=5134d3bd7071
Thiele C, David Hudson M. You’re eating microplastics in ways you don’t even realise. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): The Conversation; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://theconversation.com/youre-eating-microplastics-in-ways-you-dont-even-realise-97649
Greger M. Peeks behind the egg industry curtain. [Internet]. Maryland: Nutrition Facts; 2015 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://nutritionfacts.org/2015/03/26/peeks-behind-the-egg-industry-curtain/
Intolerance and dietary racism
Breaking: Santa is lactose intolerant. [Internet]. Washington: The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.pcrm.org/news/blog/breaking-santa-lactose-intolerant
Morgan N. Introduction: dairy development in Asia. [Internet]. Bangkok: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/i0588e/I0588E02.htm
Bertron P, Barnard N, Mills M. Racial bias in federal nutrition policy, Part I: The public health implications of variations in lactase persistence. Journal of the National Medical Association. 1999; 91 (3): 151-157.
Access to healthy food. [Internet]. Cotati: Food Empowerment Project; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://foodispower.org/access-to-healthy-food/
Davy D. Australia’s efforts to improve food security for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Health and Human Rights Journal. 2016: PMCID: PMC5394999.
Gupta M. Diet and disease. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Kindness Project; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.kindnessproject.org.au/issues/health/diet-and-disease/
ACTION: Learn from the work of vegans of colour looking at health, liberation and their connections
Severson K. Black vegans step out, for their health and other causes. [Internet]. New York: New York Times; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/28/dining/black-vegan-cooking.html
Myth-busting: veganism, health and wellness
Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, soy foods and their roll in vegetarian diets: Nutrients. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
Cobalt deficiency in sheep and cattle. [Internet]. Perth: Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from:https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/livestock-biosecurity/cobalt-deficiency-sheep-and-cattle
B12 deficiency in 40% of US population proves concern in not just for vegans. [Internet]. Los Angeles: Live Kindly; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.livekindly.co/b12-deficiency-genetic-makeup/
Genetic variants associated with vitamin B12. [Internet]. Maryland: ScienceDaily; 2008 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080908135942.htm
Lynch H, Johnston C, Wharton C. Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance. Nutrients. 2018;10(12):1841.
Barnard ND, Goldman DM, Loomis JF, Kahleova H, Levin SM, Neabore S, et al. Plant-Based Diets for Cardiovascular Safety and Performance in Endurance Sports. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):130.
Health disparities, African-American or Black population. [Internet]. Connecticut: Cigna; 2016 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.cigna.com/static/www-cigna-com/docs/health-care-providers/african-american-health-disparities.pdf
After startling report shows dramatic increase in suicide attempts among Black teenagers, BP Adams and stakeholders call for innovative solutions, including youth-led hack-a-thon, to improve mental health for young people of color. [Internet]. Brooklyn: Office of the Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams; 2019 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.brooklyn-usa.org/after-startling-report-shows-dramatic-increase-in-suicide-attempts-among-black-teenagers-bp-adams-and-stakeholders-call-for-innovative-solutions-including-youth-led-hack-a-thon-to-improve-mental-h/
Percival A. Brooklyn’s borough President just shut down the meat industry. [Internet]. Los Angeles: Live Kindly; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.livekindly.co/politician-just-put-meat-industry-on-notice/
File #Res 0238-2018. [Internet]. New York: The New York City Council, Corey Johnson, speaker; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3458218&GUID=E2D39627-1649-42BB-AF90-A7E364FE5329
New York City schools ban processed meat!. [Internet]. Washington: The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.pcrm.org/news/blog/new-york-city-schools-ban-processed-meat
Less meat: if the New York City council is leading the way. [Internet]. Rome: LAV; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.lav.it/en/ny-less-meat
Brooklyn Borough President Eric L. Adams. One Brooklyn-- PSA: 42 doctors of color: keepin’ it real. 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VenMeA-EJ2I&feature=youtu.be
NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue and Brooklyn Borough President Eric L. Adams announce pilot program for patients to adopt a plant-based diet, reducing risk for heart disease and diabetes. [Internet]. New York: NYC Health + Hospitals, Bellevue; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/bellevue/pressrelease/pilot-program-to-promote-a-plant-based-diet-and-reduce-the-risk-for-heart-disease-and-diabetes/
Collective health
Davis A, Vinci L, Okwuosa T, Chase A, Huang E. Cardiovascular health disparities: Medical Care Research and Review. 2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1077558707305416
Cancer disparities. [Internet]. Maryland: National Cancer Institute; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/disparities
Springmann M, Godfray C, Rayner M, Scarborough P, Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change. PNAS: 2016. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523119113
Zoonotic disease
Gongal G, Bezbaruah S, Wright A. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204722/B5123.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Influenza: are we ready? [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/influenza-are-we-ready
Zoonotic influenza seasonal influenza pandemic influenza. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/whe/ihm/faq-on-zoonotic-influenza.pdf?sfvrsn=c6ef9fbd_4
Pike B, Saylors K, Fair J, LeBreton M, Tamoufe U, Djoko C, et al. The origin and prevention of pandemics: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F652860
Can Ö, D’Cruze N, Macdonald D. Dealing in deadly pathogens: taking stock of the legal trade in live wildlife and potential risks to human health: Global Ecology and Conservation. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00515
Antibiotic resistance
Torok S. Maker of the miracle mould. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): ABC News; c1998 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/florey/story.htm
Antibiotic resistance. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance
Antibiotic resistance in food animals nearly tripled since 2000. [Internet]. Maryland: Science Daily; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191009132321.htm
Martin M, Thottathil S, Newman T. Antibiotics overuse in animal agriculture: a call to action for health care providers. American Journal of Public Health. 2015; 105 (12): 2409-2410.
Well over 2,300 individual, land-dwelling annimals are slaughtered every second, according to UN FAO data.
Food and agricultural data. [Internet]. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
EXPLAINER: Carnism
Bartal I, Decety J, Mason P. Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats: Science. 2011. 10.1126/science.1210789
Sentience and individuality
Low P. The Cambridge declaration on consciousness. [Internet]. Cambridge: Francis Crick Memorial Conference; 2012 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://fcmconference.org/img/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf
Bekoff M. Are pigs as smart as dogs and does it really matter?. [Internet] New York: Psychology Today; 2013 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/animal-emotions/201307/are-pigs-smart-dogs-and-does-it-really-matter
Marino L, Colvin C. Thinking pigs: a comparative review of cognition, emotion, and personality in sus domesticus. International Journal of Comparative Psychology. 2015; 28 (1): 1-23.
Including fish in our consideration
Mood A. Worse things happen at sea: the welfare of wild-caught fish. [Internet]. Fish Count UK; 2010 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.fishcount.org.uk/published/standard/fishcountfullrptSR.pdf
Jabr F. It’s official: fish feel pain. [Internet]. Washington: Smithsonian Magazine; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/fish-feel-pain-180967764/
Brown C. Fish intelligence, sentience and ethics. Animal Cognition. 2015; 18 (1): 1-17.
Vindas M, Johansen I, Folkedal O, Höglund E, Gorissen M, Flik G, et al. Brain serotonergic activation in growth-stunted farmed salmon: adaption versus pathology. 2016; 3 (5).
Westly E. Crab’s brain encodes complex memories. [Internet]. New York: Scientific American; 2011 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/clever-crustaceans/
Hopkin M. Fiddler crabs help weaker neighbours: Nature. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02409-7
Australian prawn farming manual. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Farm Transparency Project; 2006 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.farmtransparency.org/documents.php?id=b0f2a2e5f5
Stelling T. Do lobsters and other invertebrates feel pain? New research has some answers. [Internet]. Washington: The Washington Post; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/do-lobsters-and-other-invertebrates-feel-pain-new-research-has-some-answers/2014/03/07/f026ea9e-9e59-11e3-b8d8-94577ff66b28_story.html
Chak S, Bauer R, Thiel M. Social behaviour and recognition in decapod shrimps, with emphasis on the caridea: 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17599-7_5
QUICK FACTS: Fish intelligence
Brown C. Fish intelligence, sentience and ethics. Animal Cognition. 2015; 18 (1): 1-17.
EXPLAINER: How we got here
Harari YN. Sapiens, a brief history of humankind. London: Random House UK; 2015.
Hemsworth L, Hemsworth P, Acharya R, Skuse J. Review of the scientific literature and the international pig welfare codes and standards to underpin the future standards and guidelines for pigs. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Australian Pork Limited; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.animalwelfarestandards.net.au/files/2019/01/APL-Project-2017-2217-review-of-pig-welfare.pdf
What are the animal welfare issues with weaning nose rings and other anti-suckling devices for calves?. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): RSPCA; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-are-the-animal-welfare-issues-with-weaning-nose-rings-and-other-anti-suckling-devices-for-calves/
Anthis K. Global farmed & factory farmed animals estimates. [Internet]. [Chicago]: Sentience Institute; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.sentienceinstitute.org/global-animal-farming-estimates
U.S chicken industry history. [Internet]. Washington: National Chicken Council: c2020 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/history/
National register of historic places inventory - nomination form: first broiler house. [Internet]. Colorado: National Parks Service; 1969 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/74000607_text
EXPLAINER: Legal animal mutilation
Victorian codes of practice for animal welfare. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Agriculture Victoria; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/livestock-and-animals/animal-welfare-victoria/pocta-act-1986/victorian-codes-of-practice-for-animal-welfare
How marketing and language hide cruelty
Results from a recent survey of American consumers. [Internet]. Washington: Lake Research Partners; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.aspca.org/sites/default/files/publicmemo_aspca_labeling_fi_rev1_0629716.pdf
Australia’s shifting mindset on farm animal welfare. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Futureye; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.outbreak.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/farm-animal-welfare.pdf
Thompson E. How the USDA allows producers to use “humane” and “sustainable” claims on meat packages and deceive consumers. [Internet]. Washington: Animal Welfare Institute; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://awionline.org/sites/default/files/publication/digital_download/19%20Label%20Confusion%20Report%20FINAL%20WEB%20II.pdf
Animal welfare labelling. [Internet]. Brussels: European Commission; [cited 2021]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/food/animals/welfare/other_aspects/labelling_en
Layer hen depopulation: break up with eggs. [Internet]. Sydney: Animal Liberation; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.al.org.au/layer-hen-depopulation-break-up-with-eggs/
EXPLAINER: Free range fraud
Free range: if no broiler chickens are raised in cages, what does the term free range mean?. [Internet]. Washington: National Chicken Council; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.chickencheck.in/faq/free-range-chicken/
How are chickens raised for meat in Australia?. [Internet]. Sydney: Voiceless; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://voiceless.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Voiceless_Meat_Chickens_Factsheet_2019FB.pdf
Battery hens. [Internet]. Sydney: Voiceless; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://voiceless.org.au/hot-topics/battery-hens/
An HIS report: the welfare of intensively confined animals in battery cages, gestation crates, and veal crates. [Internet]. Washington: Humane Society US; 2008 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.hsi.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/pdfs/welfare-of-intensively-confined-animals-international-word-sept-4-08.pdf
Australian consumer law (free range egg labelling) information standard 2017. [Internet]. Canberra (AU): Federal Register of Legislation; 2017 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017L00474/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
FAQ. [Internet]. Sydney: Lilydale Free Range Chicken; c2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://lilydalefreerange.com.au/frequently-asked-questions
Lilydale Free Range Chicken. Dedication you can taste | Lilydale Free Range Chicken. 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4DjJm1pUgY
FREPA chicken meat standard. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Free Range Egg and Poultry Australia; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://frepa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FREPA-Chicken-Meat-Standard-Sept-2020.pdf
Wool. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Collective Fashion Justice; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/wool
How the law fails animals
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 - section 6. [Internet]. [Melbourne (AU)]: Australiasian Legal Information Institute; [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/poctaa1986360/s6.html
Legal protections for animals on farms. [Internet]. Washington: Animal Welfare Institute; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://awionline.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/FA-AWI-LegalProtections-AnimalsonFarms-110714.pdf
Victorian codes of practice for animal welfare. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Agriculture Victoria; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/livestock-and-animals/animal-welfare-victoria/pocta-act-1986/victorian-codes-of-practice-for-animal-welfare
Reppy W. Broad exemptions in animal-cruelty statuses unconstitutionally deny equal protection under law. Law and Contemporary Problems. 2007; 70 (1): 255-324.
Hurnik F, Lehman H. Unnecessary suffering: definition and evidence. International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems. 1982; 3 (2): 131-137.
Code of practice on the humane treatment of wild and farmed Australian crocodiles. [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Government; 2009 [cited 2021]. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/e9908cfd-8a3d-4739-b139-420b3b888779/files/crocodile-code-practice.pdf
McGhee R. Croc killer ‘sick of losing cattle’ fined $10,000 for shooting ‘iconic’ 11yo animal on farm. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): ABC News; 2018 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-16/man-fined-10k-over-croc-shooting/9454758
Myth: Dairy isn’t a slaughter industry, and cows need to be milked
Artificial insemination. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Dairy Australia; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/subtropical-dairy/animal-management-and-milk-quality/fertility/artificial-insemination#.YR3ovC0RpbU
Semen collection and electro-ejaculation. [Internet]. Sydney: Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/animals-and-livestock/animal-welfare/general/general-welfare-of-livestock/sop/cattle/fertility/semen-collection-electro-ejaculation
What happens to bobby calves?. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): RSPCA; 2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/what-happens-to-bobby-calves/
Humane killing and disposal of sick or injured cattle. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Dairy Australia; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=10&ved=2ahUKEwiL-Piko9fkAhUKWysKHUv-AFUQFjAJegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dairyaustralia.com.au%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fdairyaustralia%2Fdocuments%2Ffarm%2Fanimal-care%2Fanimal-welfare%2Fbobby-calves%2Fhumane-killing-and-disposal-of-sick-or-injured-cattle.pdf&usg=AOvVaw20inJdVByqCcdQKIuJ9oh1
Weary D. The emotional lives of dairy cows. [Internet]. San Francisco: Wired; 2014 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.wired.com/2014/06/the-emotional-lives-of-dairy-cows/
Drop dairy. [Internet]. Sydney: Animal Liberation; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.al.org.au/drop-dairy
Milking systems. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Dairy Australia; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/animal-management-and-milk-quality/mastitis-and-milk-quality/milking-systems#.YR3rFi0RpbV
Cull and replace females. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Meat and Livestock Australia; c2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://mbfp.mla.com.au/Weaner-throughput/4-Cull-and-replace-females
Nielson O, Hawkes P. Fetal bovine serum and the slaughter of pregnant cows: animal welfare and ethics: Bioprocessing Journal. 2019. https://doi.org/10.12665/J18OA.Hawkes
Myth: eggs can be sourced ethically
Romanov M, Weigend S. Analysis of genetic relationships between various populations of domestic and jungle fowl using microsatellite markers. Poultry Science. 2001; 80: 1057-1063.
Chickens and eggs. [Internet]. Washington: US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service; 2018 [cited 2020]. Available from: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/ckegan18.pdf
Layer hen depopulation: break up with eggs. [Internet]. Sydney: Animal Liberation; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.al.org.au/layer-hen-depopulation-break-up-with-eggs/
Eggs exposed. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Farm Transparency Project; c2021 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.farmtransparency.org/campaigns/eggs-exposeds
Dalton J. Millions of male chicks may be crushed or gassed to death by egg producers, German judge rules. [Internet]. London: The Independent; 2019 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/male-chicks-killed-gas-eggs-germany-crushed-rspca-a8957211.html].
Mckenna M. By 2020, male chicks may avoid death by grinder. [Internet]. Washington: National Geographic; 2016 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/by-2020--male-chicks-could-avoid-death-by-grinder
Wool. [Internet]. Melbourne (AU): Collective Fashion Justice; 2020 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/wool
Chapter six: animal issues are our issues
Humans are animals
Marshall M. Timeline: the evolution of life [Internet]. London: New Scientist; 2009 [cited 2021]. Available from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17453-timeline-the-evolution-of-life/
EXPLAINER: Oppression built upon the identity of human
Freire P, English rendering Ramos M. Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum; 2005.